显微镜知识库

徕卡显微系统的知识库提供有关显微镜学科的科学研究和教学材料。内容旨在对显微镜初学者、有经验的显微镜操作实践者和使用显微镜的科学家在他们的日常工作和实验有所帮助。这里有探索交互式教程和应用笔记，你可以找到你需要的显微镜的基础知识以及前沿技术——快来加入徕卡显微知识社区，分享您的专业知识！

Some 2D measurements, e.g., lengths and areas, made on a PCB sample with a Leica measurement microscope using the Enersight software.

如何选择合适的测量显微镜

使用测量显微镜，用户可以测量样品特征的二维和三维尺寸，这对检测、质量控制、故障分析和研发&D 至关重要。然而，选择合适的显微镜需要评估应用需求以及显微镜的性能、易用性和灵活性。如今，测量通常以数字方式进行，即使用带有摄像头和软件的显微镜，图像显示在显示器上，而不是通过目镜网线，从而提高了精度和可重复性。使用合适的测量显微镜可靠、快速地分析样品。

Example of calibrating a microscope at a higher magnification value using a stage micrometer.

显微镜测量校准：为什么要校准以及如何校准

显微镜校准可确保用于检测、质量控制 (QC)、故障分析和研发 (R&D) 的测量结果准确一致。本文介绍了校准步骤。使用参照物进行校准可获得可重复的结果，并有助于确保与准则和标准一致。为获得准确一致的结果，建议校准显微镜并定期检查。如有需要，可向校准专家寻求支持。

Corneal transplantation. Image courtesy of Mr. David Anderson.

眼科案例分析：角膜移植

内皮角膜移植术是一种现代角膜移植技术。角膜移植手术有多种手术方法，包括角膜后弹力膜撕除角膜内皮移植术（DSEK）和角膜后弹力膜内皮移植术（DMEK）。这些方法在植入供体组织的数量上有所不同。

Optical microscope image, which is a composition of both brightfield and fluorescence illumination, showing organic contamination on a wafer surface. The inset images in the upper left corner show the brightfield image (above) and fluorescence image (below with dark background).

Visualizing Photoresist Residue and Organic Contamination on Wafers

As the scale of integrated circuits (ICs) on semiconductors passes below 10 nm, efficient detection of organic contamination, like photoresist residue, and defects during wafer inspection is becoming…

Image of magnetic steel taken with a 100x objective using Kerr microscopy. The magnetic domains in the grains appear in the image with lighter and darker patterns. A few domains are marked with red arrows. Courtesy of Florian Lang-Melzian, Robert Bosch GmbH, Germany.

Rapidly Visualizing Magnetic Domains in Steel with Kerr Microscopy

The rotation of polarized light after interaction with magnetic domains in a material, known as the Kerr effect, enables the investigation of magnetized samples with Kerr microscopy. It allows rapid…

Region of a patterned wafer inspected using optical microscopy and automated and reproducible DIC (differential interference contrast). With DIC users are able to visualize small height differences on the wafer surface more easily.

6 英寸晶片检测显微镜，可靠的观察微小高度差

本文介绍了一种 6 英寸晶圆检测显微镜，无论用户的技术水平如何，它都能自动进行可重复的 DIC（微分干涉对比）成像。集成电路 (IC) 芯片和半导体元件的制造需要晶圆检测，以确保不存在影响性能的缺陷。通常使用光学显微镜进行质量控制、故障分析和 R&D 检测。为了有效地观察晶圆上结构之间的微小高度差，可以使用 DIC。